Personal names, as fundamental building blocks of cultural transmission, are directly shaped by the socio-political and religious transformations experienced by societies. This study analyzes the cultural transmission levels, motivations for social acceptance, and historical linguistic transformations of Arabic personal names, which have secured a deep-rooted place in the Kazakh anthroponymic pool. The objective of the research is to treat Arabic-originated personal names in Kazakh Turkish not merely as ordinary names, but as linguistic artifacts, thereby revealing the dimensions of their intergenerational onomastic transmission. The scope of the study covers a broad historical trajectory extending from the 9th and 10th centuries—when Kazakh society began adopting Islam—to the present day and utilizes popular name data from a period of 30 years (1991–2021) which are obtained from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study employs different methodical approaches such as historical-linguistic (diachronic) analysis, ethnolinguistic and theolinguistic examination, phonetic transformation analysis, and statistical data evaluation. The findings demonstrate that the religious-spiritual tradition, initiated by the adoption of Islam, has constructed a robust “Islamic memory” within Kazakh society and generated a permanent transformation in cultural identity.